Marmaray is a tube tunnel for rail transport.Marmaray is located in the Turkish city of Istanbul.It is a undersea rail tunnel under the Bosphorus strait, along the Sea of Marmara from the European side to the Asian side.The Marmaray name comes by combining the sea of Marmara with "ray" meaning rail in Turkish.
Construction started in May 2004, and was completed on September 23, 2008. The opening of the Marmaray Rail Tube Tunnel and Commuter Rail Mass Transit System delayed due to the discovery of historical and archaeological finds.It was opened for public first time on October 29, 2013.
A 76.3 kilometre (47.4 mi) high-capacity line between Gebze and Halkalı, is a first standard gauge rail connection between Europe and Asia by crossing the Istanbul Strait.
It is the world's deepest undersea immersed tube tunnel with 60.45 m (198.4 ft), 55 metres below sea level and 4.6 metres of earth.
The above ground suburban lines have been upgraded to three tracks, two for commuter and one for long-distance or high-speed passenger trains.The capacity for the suburban lines is 75,000 passengers per hour and there are 37 aboveground srations and three underground stations.Platforms are 225m long and average station space is 1.9 km.
The stations are base on metro style operations and also work for high speed trains travelling at 100km/h (62mph) with an average speed of 45km/h (28mph).Total number of passenger cars are 440.
Hyundai Rotem announced on November 11, 2008, that it had signed a €580 million agreement to supply the rolling stock for the Marmaray cross-Bosphorus tunnel project in Istanbul.
The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the European Investment Bank had provided major financing for the project. As of April 2006, JICA had lent 111 billion yen and EIB 1.05 billion euro. The total cost of the project is expected to be approximately 2.5 billion US dollars and as of late 2009, costs were expected to increase by approximately 500 million US dollars due to the archaeological delays.
The tunnel was opened on October 29, 2013 on the Turkish Republic's 90th anniversary Republic Day.
Europe's Oldest Woman Is Italian And Just Turned 114:-
Emma Morano celebrated her 114 birthday on November 29, making her Italy’s and Europe’s oldest woman and the fifth in the world.“I can’t believe I hold this record!” she said. “Who would have thought? Anyway, it is interesting for you, but for me, it is a day like all others.The newspaper said Morano is still in “good health” and passes most of her time doing housework.Mrs. Morano lives in Pallanza on Lake Maggiore in Northern Italy and celebrated her birthday with family and friends.Mrs. Morano still lives alone and manages to do most of the daily tasks, she does housework and cooks her own meals.”Mrs. Morano was born in Civiasco, near Vercelli in Piedmont on November 29, 1899.Longevity is in the family as her mother lived to 91, one of her aunts to 101 and her sister lived 102 years.She moved to Verbania where she married in 1926.She separated in 1938.On her birthday, Italy’s president Giorgio Napolitano sent her a happy birthday message: “Best wishes on behalf of all Italians.”In her life she has seen the succession of 11 popes.Her diet that consists of raw eggs and breakfast, eat biscuits with milk or water.She told “during the day I eat two eggs, one raw and one cooked, just like the doctor advise me when I was 20 years old.For lunch I’ll eat pasta and eat very small pieces of meat and for dinner, I'l have just a glass of milk.”Emma Morano was a factory worker and also worked in the kitchen of a boarding school in Pallanza and retiring at 75.She told she thinks positive about the future.
The world's largest cruise ship Royal Caribbean may need repairs:-
The world's largest cruise ship Royal Caribbean's 5,400-passenger, 225,282-ton Allure of the Seas and cost US $1.4 billion.World's largest cruise ship to leave service for repair, Royal Caribbean says the problem with the pod is related to its bearings.The Allure is slated to undergo repairs in a Bahamas' shipyard the week of Feb. 24, 2014. All guests booked on the Feb. 23 sailing will receive a full refund.
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| Allure of the sea Pool |
Pamukkale Turkey:-
Pamukkale is a natural site and an amazing display of natural hot water pools in Denizli Province, south-western Turkey.
Pamukkale meaning “cotton castle” in Turkish.Pamukkale is located 19 km (12 miles) north of Denizli.The city contains hot springs and travertines, terraces of carbonate minerals left by the flowing water.
Pamukkale Hot Springs can be visited all year long, but it is absolutely spectacular in the winter time, when natural pools of hot water form and tourists can take long, soothing baths.
Pamukkale is known as 8th wonder of the world by Turkish people.
The Beetham Tower in Manchester :-
The Beetham Tower in Manchester was Completed in 2006 at a cost of £150 million.The project was submitted in early July 2003, was approved at the end of October, and began in February 2004.The Beetham Tower was designed by Ian Simpson.
- It is the highest building in Manchester.
- The tallest residential building in Europe.
- The 9th tallest building in England.
- It is the highest living space in the UK.
- is one of the thinnest skyscrapers in the world.
- over 525,000 square feet of space.
- It is 168.87 metres (554ft) tall.
- It is a 47 floors high building.
- It is home to the Manchester Hilton Hotel.
- 219 luxury apartments
- And 16 penthouses.
- Business center with WiFi.
- 11 meeting rooms for up to 600 guests.
- One restaurant and two bars.
- 285 bedroom Hilton Hotel from levels 5-23
- Cloud 23 bar is on the 23rd floor
In 2007, the Beetham Tower was awarded Best Building by the Concrete Society Awards.
In 2008, the Beetham Tower was awarded Project of the Year, Design and Construction Award in the RICS North West Awards.
Sydney Opera House:-
Sydney Opera House (1957 - 1973) is located in Sydney, Bennelong Point Australia and is a masterpiece of late modern architecture.It was designed by Danish architect Jorn Utzon.Jorn Utzon died in November 2008 aged of 90.Sydney Opera House name was wrote in the World Heritage List in June 2007.
It is a great architectural work of the 20th century. The house remains one of the busiest performance venues in the world, hosting over 1,500 events a year, and receiving 8.2 million visitors annually.
The Sydney Opera House has about 1000 rooms, 5 theatres, 5 rehearsal studios with a capacity of 364 seats, 2 main halls with a seating capacity of 2679, 4 restaurants, 6 bars and many shops.The House is 185 metres long and 120 metres wide.
The roofs of the House are constructed of 1,056,000 glazed white granite tiles and weighing up to 15 tons, imported from Sweden and also uses 6225 square metres of glass and 645 kilometres of electric cable.
In 1966 the situation with arguments about cost and the interior design, and the Government withholding progress payments reached crisis point and Jorn Utzon resigned from the project.The Opera House was formally completed in 1973, at a cost of $102 million.
Its first performance was The Australian Opera's production of War and Peace by Prokofiev.The House was opened by Queen Elizabeth II on October 20, 1973.
In 2003 Utzon received the Pritzker Prize, international architecture's highest honour.
landwasser viaduct filisur switzerland:-
Filisur is located in the Albulatal valley at the junction of the Albula and Davos lines of the Rhaetian Railway.
The construction of the three main pillars in 1901 to 1902 was an architectural masterpiece.
It is 65 m (213 ft) high, 136 metres (446 ft) long, and one of its ramps exits straight into the Landwasser Tunnel.
The Landwasser Viaduct is a single track six-arched curved limestone railway viaduct.It was Design by Alexander Acatos, it was built between 1901 and 1902 by Müller & Zeerleder.
The Landwasser Viaduct has six arch spans 20 metres (66 ft) in width, resting on five high pillars.
The railway line near the viaduct has a slope of 2 percent, and in plan a circular arc with a radius of 100 metres (330 ft).
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